Tumša, tumša tā eglīte
"Dark, Dark is the Fir Tree"

Latvian song Free translationWord-for-word translation
Tumša, tumša tā eglīte
Kur caunīte naktī guļ.
Dark, dark is the fir tree
Where the *pine marten sleeps at night.
dark-fem.nom.sg. dark-fem.nom.sg. that-fem.nom.sg. fir-tree-dim.nom.sg.
where pine-marten-dim.nom.sg. night-loc.sg. sleep/lie-3rd.p.pres.
Tālu, tālu tā māmiņa
Kur aug mana līgaviņa
Far, far away is the mother
Who is raising my future **bride.
far far that-fem.nom.sg. mother-dim.nom.sg.
where grow-3rd.p.pres. my-fem.nom.sg. bride-dim.nom.sg.
No kurienes tu, puisīti,
Ar tik jauku valodiņ'?
Where are you from, young man,
You who are so well-spoken?
from where-gen.sg. you-2nd.p.sg. boy-dim.voc.sg.
with so pretty-acc.sg. language-dim.(acc.sg.)
Es, māmiņa, no Vidzemes,
Nāku savas vajadzīb's;
Mother, I am from %Vidzeme;
I come here of necessity.
I-nom.sg. mother-dim.voc.sg. from Vidzeme-gen.sg.
come-1st.p.sg.pres. own-gen.sg. necessity-(gen.sg.)
Es precētu jūs' meitiņu,
To, lūdzami, neliedziet.
I wish to marry your daughter,
I beg you, don't refuse me.
I-nom.sg. wed/marry-cond. your-2nd.p.pl. daughter-dim.acc.sg.
that/it-acc.sg. beg-pres.ppl. not-forbid-2nd.p.pl.
Velti, velti tu, puisīti,
Pēc meitiņas lūkojies;
Young man, you look here in vain
For a girl to wed.
vainly vainly you-2nd.p.sg. boy-dim.voc.sg.
for girl-dim.gen.sg. look-for(refl.)-2nd.p.sg.
Viena pati man meitiņa,
Tā par mazu un par jaun'.
I only have one daughter,
She's much too young to marry.
one-fem.nom.sg. self/only-fem. me-dat.sg. daughter-dim.nom.sg.
That-one-fem.nom.sg. too small-acc.sg. and too young-(acc.sg.)
Additional (slightly naughty) verses: The following two verses are not part of the 'standard' folksong, but occur in some (slightly more risqué) variations as additional (or in some cases alternate) verses:
Jauns ar jaunu sagulēja
Udens cauri netecēja.
When two youngsters share a bed,
A drop of water cannot seep between them.
young-masc.nom.sg. with young-masc.acc.sg. with-sleep/lie-3rd.p.pst.
water-nom.sg. through not-drip/run-3rd.p.pst.
Vecs ar vecu sagulēja
Žīds ar tačku cauri skrēja.
When two oldsters share a bed,
A %%peddler with his barrow can run between them.
old-masc.nom.sg. with old-masc.acc.sg. with-sleep/lie-3rd.p.pst.
jew-nom.sg. with barrow-acc.sg. through/between run-3rd.p.pst.

* The marten (or pine marten; in Latin Martes martes) is a member of the weasel family. It is often trapped for its soft, thick fur (which is not surprising, considering it is related to the ermine). For more information see: Wikipedia: Pine Marten.

** The Latvian word līgava (or its diminutive/endearment form līgaviņa) most often means fiancée, betrothed, or sweetheart, as well as bride. Interestingly, the word is not a Baltic word originally, but derives from Estonian or Livonian, which are Finnic languages. Perhaps this indicates a high degree of intermarriage between the original Baltic tribes which arrived in the region, and the Finnic peoples who were already living there.

% Vidzeme is the north-eastern province of Latvia.

%% The Latvian word žīds literally means 'Jew'. In this context it clearly implies a peddlar, and I have so translated it.


To see the explanation of the grammatical abbreviations used in the "word-for-word" translations, go to → Grammatical Abbreviations


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Last revised September 18, 2008